Search results for "liver disease"
showing 10 items of 913 documents
MBOAT7 locus rs641738 variant predisposes to hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver
2016
Treatment options in HBV.
2005
The available evidence on interferon-alpha (IFN) treatment for chronic hepatitis B is sufficient to conclude that in patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis, standard IFN therapy significantly improves clearance of HBeAg (number needed to treat [NNT] = 4), loss of HBV-DNA (NNT = 4) and clearance of HBsAg (NNT = 18). HBeAg positive patients with normal or slightly raised ALT should be treated only if there is histological evidence of progressive disease. In patients with HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis, less than 20% of subjects who have achieved an end-of-treatment virological response after a course of standard IFN maintain a sustained virological response in the long-term. IFN tre…
Liver-related and extrahepatic events in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a retrospective competing risks analysis.
2022
Background & Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and especially fibrotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, is associated with high risks of liver-related events (LRE) and extrahepatic events (EHE). We evaluated the competitive risk occurrence of LRE and EHE in a large cohort of biopsy-proven NAFLD stratified according to baseline severity of fibrosis. Methods: Two thousand one hundred thirty-five patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were enrolled. Observed cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) were used to evaluate the risk of LRE and EHE; cause-specific Cox model and predicted CIFs were fitted to identify predictors of LRE and EHE. A replication cohort of NAFLD patients with live…
Current and forthcoming perspectives in linkage to care of hepatitis C virus infection: Assessment of an Italian focus group
2019
Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant public health problem and is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. In recent years many new tools to facilitate widespread HCV screening and new therapeutic options with excellent efficacy and tolerability profiles and cost lowering policies have become available. To fully utilise these new tools, the link between local and specialist centres for the management of HCV infection must be reinforced. In order to GAIN further insight into these aspects, with a particular focus on the Italian scenario, a group of experts met to discuss relevant aspects and open issues on chronic HCV. As a summary of that meeting, the fo…
Role of exercise-induced hepatokines in metabolic disorders.
2019
International audience; The health-promoting effects of physical activity to prevent and treat metabolic disorders are numerous. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet completely deciphered. In recent years, studies have referred to the liver as an endocrine organ, since it releases specific proteins called hepatokines. Some of these hepatokines are involved in whole body metabolic homeostasis and are theorized to participate in the development of metabolic disease. In this regard, the present review describes the role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21, Fetuin-A, Angiopoietin-like protein 4, and Follistatin in metabolic disease and their production in response to acute exerci…
Apolipoprotein AI and HDL are reduced in stable cirrhotic patients with adrenal insufficiency: a possible role in glucocorticoid deficiency
2015
Backgrounds and aims: Adrenal insufficiency (AI) has been reported in patients with stable cirrhosis. A lack of substrates has been suggested as a possible contributing pathogenic mechanism leading to glucocorticoid deficiency in these subjects. To better explore this hypothesis, we studied lipoproteins in cirrhotics with and without AI. Methods. A total of 81 cirrhotic patients and 30 normal volunteers were enrolled. The severity of liver disease was graded by Child-Pugh score. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and apolipoprotein AI (Apo-AI) levels were evaluated. HDL subfractions were measured by gradient gel electrop…
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis after long-term treatment in an intensive care unit: clinical presentation, endoscopic findings, treatment, and foll…
2006
Background and study aims We present ten patients who developed secondary sclerosing cholangitis following long-term treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) between 1999 and 2004. Patients and methods Ten consecutive patients who had no evidence suggestive of pre-existing hepatobiliary disease were admitted to an ICU because of trauma (n = 5), intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 3), or nonabdominal postsurgical complications (n = 2). All the patients had required treatment with long-term ventilation, catecholamines, total parenteral nutrition, and several antimicrobial agents. Results Cholestasis was first noted within 11 days after the initial insult. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogr…
Benign focal liver lesions: spectrum of findings on SonoVue-enhanced pulse-inversion ultrasonography.
2005
The prevalence of benign focal liver lesions (BFLL) is high both in the general population and in patients with known malignancies. The gray-scale ultrasound (US) technique is usually the first-line imaging modality used in the radiological workup of such lesions, but unfortunately it lacks specificity. Furthermore, Doppler examination may often be unsatisfactory owing to motion artefacts, or when small or deeply located lesions are evaluated. Recently, microbubble-based contrast agents used in combination with gray-scale US techniques, which are very sensitive to nonlinear behavior of microbubbles, have led to a better depiction of both microvasculature and macrovasculature of focal hepati…
Guinea pig transglutaminase immunolinked assay does not predict coeliac disease in patients with chronic liver disease
2001
BACKGROUND—It has been suggested that serological screening for coeliac disease (CD) should be performed in patients with chronic unexplained hypertransaminasaemia. AIMS—To evaluate the specificity for CD diagnosis of serum IgA antitissue transglutaminase (tTG) determination in consecutive patients with chronic hypertransaminasaemia using the most widely utilised ELISA based on tTG from guinea pig as the antigen. PATIENTS AND METHODS—We studied 98 patients with chronic hypertransaminasaemia, evaluated for the first time in a hepatology clinic. Serum anti-tTG and antiendomysial (EmA) assays were performed. Patients positive for EmA and/or anti-tTG were proposed for intestinal biopsy. Finally…
Science to Practice: Should Biopsy Be Performed in Potential Liver Donors When Unenhanced CT Shows an Unacceptable Degree of Steatosis for Transplant…
2006
Park et al (1) have demonstrated that unenhanced CT can accurately depict moderate to severe (ie, ≥30%) macrovesicular steatosis, thereby allowing avoidance of biopsy in potential living liver donors who have an unacceptable degree of steatosis for transplantation. Biopsy will still be needed in donors with macrovesicular steatosis of less than 30% at unenhanced CT to rule out occult chronic liver disease and more severe steatosis that is undetected at CT. © RSNA, 2006.